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Epiphytic Bromeliads
Bromeliads are neotropical* plants, many of which live in the canopy, growing on trees without parasitising them. As well as providing us with pineapples, being popular house plants across the world and an (introduced) garden favourite in Australia, they have important ecological roles in the neotropical habitats they are native to.
Many share a morphological blueprint, whereby their long strappy leaves are arranged in an overlapping rosette pattern, leaving a space in the centre, known as a tank or phytotelm (pl. phytotelmata). The spaces in the centre and between the leaves of bromeliads gather water and debris from the canopy – which make perfect homes for many animals. They form little floating ecosystems, complete with nutrient cycling microbes and photosynthesising algae. I am using epiphytic bromeliads to study the genetics of plant-bacteria-invertebrate interactions. This study is part of my PhD research and the field work took place in San José de Payamino, in the Ecuadorian Amazon. I hope to publish some of this work soon!
* Only one of the 3,500+ species of bromeliad is native to the African continent; elsewhere, they are introduced.
A bromeliad phytotelm (not my species). Photo by X. O'Reilly Berkeley
Collecting bromeliads up a tree. Photo by J. Malumbres-Olarte
FALSE-BIRDS-OF-PARADISE
False-birds of paradise plants refer to members of the Heliconiaceae family; they are native to the neotropics and have brightly coloured inflorescences, which make them popular among horticulturalists. Not to be confused with the much less diverse birds-of-paradise plants (same order, Zingiberales, but different family, Strelitzaceae), or namesakes birds-of-paradise (actual birds, family Paradisaeidae).
The hard bright bracts of Heliconia inflorescences house their comparatively drab little flowers and the erect varieties usually accumulate water in these bracts. In other words, they are also phytotelmata, although much smaller ones than those of most tank bromeliads. Like bromeliad phytotelmata, Heliconia bracts house communities of invertebrates, albeit more transitory and less diverse ones. Because most Heliconia are disturbance plants, they grow quickly from a horizontal stem underground (rhizome), making them excellent models for planted experiments in the rainforest. I have planted over a hundred individual Heliconia stricta in common garden plots in the rainforest to study the genetics of plant-bacteria-invertebrate interactions, in a more controlled yet in-situ environment. This study was part of my PhD research and is took place in San José de Payamino, in the Ecuadorian Amazon. I hope to publish this work soon!
Heliconia stricta inflorescence. Photo by J. Malumbres-Olarte
Section of one of the forest plots in Payamino. Photo by X. O'Reilly Berkeley
ISLAND PALAEAOECOLOGY
Palaeoecology is the study of past ecosystems. A variety of palaeontological methods are employed to reconstruct and analyse ecosystems long-gone – or to see if they are long-gone: some ecosystems have remained stable in composition over time for longer than others. Our minds may jump to images of palaeontologists digging up dinosaurs, but fossil bones are relatively rare and don't represent most of the organisms in any one system and much less consistently over time. Palaeoecological methods analyse sediments to identify fossil pollen to understand the flora, quantify charcoal to infer fire regimes, and various other techniques.
I am using sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) to reconstruct the flora of oceanic islands over time. Once we have a picture of what the flora of an island habitat looked like hundreds or even thousands of years ago, we can begin to understand how stable or affected they have been by, for example, human interference or climate fluctuations. A wealth of literature on this subject already exists, but in Dr Nogué's TIME-LINES project we hope to expand this biogeographically. Hopefully we will have more info soon...
Photo by X. O'Reilly Berkeley
Photo by X. O'Reilly Berkeley
POLAR POLLEN
As part of the POLAR POLLEN project directed by Dr Nogué (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) in collaboration with Dr Hart (Oxford Brooks University), Dr Garcés-Pastor (Universitat de Barcelona) and Dr Wagensteen (Universitat de Barcelona), we are aiming to sequence the DNA left by pollen and spores transported by wind to Antarctica. From this we hope to infer long-distance dispersal routes of non-Antarctic flora to the continent and its surrounding islands. These foreign bodies do not germinate on the icy continent, but they do reach it.
Photo from Wix Media